I love dome structures. Dome houses, domed offices, dome sheds, dome garages. Yes.
Here are a few reasons I love them:
1. Domes are a strong and sturdy shape. Domes support themselves, and in such an intuitive way that the Romans figured it out thousands of years ago (the Roman Arch) without computers. This means you don’t need interior load-bearing walls, because there IS no load. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch Whether we’re talking about a geodesic dome, a monolithic dome, or some modular variant, they are STRONG.
2. Domes are beautiful. Well, I think they are. You can make such organic shapes when starting from a dome. Whether building a one-dome structure, or a cluster, they’re always striking.
3. Domes are efficient. Heating and cooling bills are almost always at least 40% lower than in cube-shaped buildings. Air circulates naturally, outside surface area is lower than a cube (by about 30%), and you save money as a result. When you consider the fantastic equation of DOME + INSULATED CONCRETE, savings continue to build – most concrete-built dome houses require about 1/3 the normal tonnage for environmental control. This is partly due to shape, partly due to materials, and partly due to good insulating. The monolithic (‘one stone’) construction method means no cracks and no chinks. Concrete has such a high thermal mass, it’s almost like building underground. Note: in order to best use concrete’s thermal mass, it must be insulated on the outside. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_mass
4. Concrete domes are wind-proof. (Even geodesics are very wind-resistant due to shape.) http://www.domeofahome.com/ is a good example – the home on their front page withstood Hurricane Andrew with no damage to the dome. Andrew hit the rest of Florida for about $25 billion. (info about hurricane Andrew here: http://www.hurricanecity.com/andrew.htm ) Tornadoes? I LIVE IN A GIANT SMOOTH ROCK, MR TORNADO. There are plenty of cases in which owners of dome houses report minimal or no damage when everyone else around has been hit hard. FEMA rates concrete domes as ‘near absolute protection against F5 tornadoes and category 5 hurricanes.
5. Earthquakes? Safest construction possible. The same shape that makes them so strong from a load-bearing standpoint also makes them highly resistant to load-shifting and lateral stresses. I-Domehouse makes domes from STYROFOAM that stand up to Japan’s (very strict) building codes. OK, well, they aren’t technically styrofoam, and they are sprayed with concrete, but it’s cool to say.
6. ‘Hurricane and tornado-proof’ not enough? Want to add ‘fireproof’? Just build your dome from concrete, and you’ll be darn close. Regular old concrete is fully oxidized, and therefore cannot burn. It holds its strength up to about 1300º F, too. Above that temperature, you don’t want to keep the heat on too long. Most wood, on the other hand, will burn at 530º F. Big difference! If you’re really concerned about high temperatures (maybe you want to build your house inside a jet engine, or a bomb?) there are even more heat-resistant concrete mixtures readily available. Note: this is a benefit of practically all concrete or brick construction, not just domes. Keep the roof in mind, though – domes don’t really have one, so they’re that much safer!
7. Heat wave making your neighbors sweat? Invite them over – your dome will be cool, calm, and collected during the hottest times of day. That high thermal mass at work again.
8. Flooding can even be somewhat alleviated by all-concrete construction, due to the fact you don’t need drywall. It’s not much, but it’s something.
9. Volcano erupting under your foundation? A dome will just levitate itself to safer – OK, never mind. But it will look pretty cool toppling into the lava.
10. With ‘airformed’ concrete domes, you can build even in bad weather – once you inflate the airform, you go inside to spray concrete! (PS wet concrete will devour your flesh and burn off your everything if you are not careful with exposure and masks. Like going swimming in Drano. All standard concrete precautions apply doubly when working inside.)
So: Safe, safe, safe. Very efficient. Strong. Cool-looking, if you’re into it. Cloud Hidden and I-Domehouse have many domes I find beautiful.
Disadvantages? Why yes, there are a few.
1. Good luck trying to get a loan to build one. Domes are downright rare, and it’s hard to get them appraised without making unusual exceptions. Some of the dome builders/fabbers know of flexible banks, but you need to consider that financing may be unavailable. I’m studying the possibilities of building so inexpensively that financing isn’t needed, but I’m just starting.
2. Building codes often don’t account for domes. Furthermore, many bureaucrats have the mentality, “If it’s out of the ordinary, it’s out.” This can make the approval process lengthy and discouraging. A good engineer familiar with dome construction is your friend.
3. Humidity and stale air can cause serious long-term issues in monolithic construction, due to the lack of seams. If your HVAC unit is too large, (and remember that 1/3 number), it may cycle many many times instead of being able to turn on and stay on for a while. Size your HVAC properly, and consider a dehumidifer a necessary expense.
4. Neighbors, associations, and realtors: None of them know anything about domes, and they may be taken aback. Count on mounting an education effort to maintain goodwill, and looking far afield for a buyer if selling your home. Again, I’m starting to study inexpensive construction methods (selling is easier if you paid less originally!), but that may or may not come to fruition.
5. Expertise is difficult to find locally. Expect to be MUCH more involved with construction of a dome than with a normal house. I don’t even plan on building a house first, I’m going to build a shed!
And now for the real reason I’m writing this: The Links. I kind of wanted all my collected links in one spot, and I figured others might be interested as well. I also figured others might GET interested, but no pressure or anything. We’ll still be cool.
Concrete-based dome resources:
MDI uses airforms, and have lots of great articles on their site. Their construction methods yield an initial construction cost similar to brick construction, but give big monthly energy savings.
http://bbs.monolithic.com/ goes straight to MDI’s forums. Pretty cool. Over 20,000 posts.
DomTec builds industrial storage domes using airforms.
I-Domehouse builds really cool looking residential domes in Japan (I think the pieces are manufactured in South Korea, though.) This is a fun website to explore. Lots of good visuals and ideas. If I could figure a way to do this inexpensively in America, or find someone else already doing it, I’d be so happy. They also have a Japanese-language-only site at http://www.dome-house.jp/ – which I have more difficulty navigating… They mention how their construction is ‘cheap’, but it looks really expensive for the square footage for me: $40k USD for ~390 square feet. And that’s just for the shell!
http://www.safeharbordome.com/domecosts.html is a couple that built an MDI home, and lists their costs. The rest of the site is solid, too.
Mountainview Dome is another couple that details their construction and lists their contractors.
Flying Concrete isn’t just domes, it’s architectural sculpting with concrete. Cool stuff.
Grancrete, Gigacrete, and Mortarsprayer all are involved in sprayed-concrete applications (necessary for monolithic concrete construction), and Mortarsprayer has articles and a good resource list.
Jim at Cloudhidden built his own amazing multi-dome house, and now designs them professionally. Great portfolio.
American Ingenuity Domes does really cool stuff with (partially) concrete panels, and can ship you prefab homes assembled onsite very rapidly. Lots and LOTS of information on their site. Pricing information and calculators are solid, and they even have a page of ‘domes for sale’ (not just AI domes, either) across the USA.
NON-CONCRETE dome resources:
Natural Spaces Domes is a great company doing traditional geodesic wood-and-metal framed houses. Great site.
DelTec is a tremendously cool house company – these aren’t EXACTLY domes, but they sure are awesome.
Montello Alpaca Co is the website of a couple that built their own rammed-earth ‘superadobe’ style house in the shape of a dome. Good story.
GeoDomeHome is focused on 3rd-world building.
NON-DOME resources:
Earthship is a site that focuses on making houses self-sustaining by recycling water multiple times, using passive heating and cooling when possible, insulating thoroughly, and generating one’s own electricity. Fascinating if you’re into ‘off-the-grid’ mentality.
Straw Bale Gardening is some pretty amazing stuff. Grow your own veggies, move ‘em around as needed, AND get a longer growing season! Short snip from his website:
“Can I do this where I live? The short answer here is absolutely yes. This method of gardening works very well from the Artic Circle, to the heat of the Caribbean. If you can find bales of straw, or similar bales of organic material, you can garden this way. You are simply replacing your existing soil with a “container” filled with beautiful “conditioned” straw compost as your growing media. From the desert to the rainiest places, from the hottest to the coldest, if anything grows then this method of growing will work for you”
My ultimate goal here is to figure out how to build ‘normal’ (I.e. non-hippie) concrete dome houses for around $10k-15k/400 square feet. I’m talking on-the-grid, wiring, HVAC, and real plumbing. That’s big enough (by many standards) to live in, but doesn’t break the bank. Really, that’s just $60k/1200 square feet! I’d love to have a construction method that almost anyone in the US could take advantage of, without having a mortgage hanging over their heads for 30 years. For example, if someone couldn’t afford this out-of-pocket and HAD to get a loan, if they got one for 3.5%, $15k, 5 years, they’d pay $298/month. Then in 5 years THEY WOULD OWN THEIR HOUSE. Wouldn’t that be cool? Yes.
I’d love to update this page with lots more great resources. Let me know if you find any!